December 30, 2024

NSAIDs and Kidney Failure: What You Need to Know

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used medications globally. They are effective in managing pain, inflammation and fever, making them a go-to choice for various conditions, from arthritis to headaches. However, their widespread use comes with potential risks, particularly concerning kidney health. NYC Vascular Surgeon Dr. Alan Benvenisty, MD, explores the relationship between NSAIDs and kidney failure.

Understanding NSAIDs

NSAIDs work by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX), which play a key role in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are compounds that promote inflammation, pain and fever; thus, by blocking their production, NSAIDs alleviate these symptoms. Examples of commonly used NSAIDs include ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin.

How NSAIDs Affect Kidney Function

The kidneys filter waste, regulate fluid balance and maintain electrolyte levels. The National Kidney Foundation reports that NSAIDs may cause an increased risk of sudden kidney failure and even progressive kidney damage. NSAIDs can impact kidney function in several ways:

1. Reduced Blood Flow: NSAIDs can constrict blood vessels in the kidneys due to their effect on prostaglandins, leading to decreased blood flow and reduced kidney function.
2. Fluid Retention: These medications can also lead to fluid retention and elevated blood pressure, further straining the kidneys.
3. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): In susceptible individuals, especially those with pre-existing kidney issues, the use of NSAIDs can trigger acute kidney injury—a sudden decline in kidney function that can occur within hours or days of taking the medication.
4. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Long-term use of NSAIDs, particularly in high doses, can lead to chronic kidney disease, a progressive loss of kidney function over time.

Risk Factors for Kidney Damage

Not everyone who takes NSAIDs will experience kidney issues, but certain factors can increase the risk:

• Pre-existing Kidney Disease: Individuals with existing impairments in kidney function are at a higher risk.
• Dehydration: NSAIDs taken during states of dehydration can exacerbate the risk of kidney damage.
• Age: Older adults are more susceptible to the effects of NSAIDs on the kidneys.
• Other Medications: The use of other drugs that affect kidney function—such as diuretics or certain antibiotics—can compound the risks of NSAID use.

Signs of Kidney Damage

It’s crucial to be aware of the signs of kidney damage, which can include:

• Decreased urine output
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
• Fatigue
• Nausea or vomiting
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating

If you experience any of these symptoms while taking NSAIDs, it’s essential to seek medical attention promptly.

Understanding kidney failure is crucial, particularly in relation to pain. It’s important to note that kidney failure itself does not cause pain. Therefore, if an individual experiences pain, such as joint or muscular discomfort, it is often due to an underlying disease or condition that has contributed to the development of their kidney disease. Being aware of this distinction can help in addressing the root causes of pain in those with kidney-related issues.

New York Kidney and Renal Failure

While NSAIDs can be an effective way to manage pain and inflammation, it is essential to be aware of their potential impact on kidney health. If you or someone you love exhibits symptoms of kidney problems, schedule a consultation with Dr. Benvenisty soon for a complete evaluation.